Spline (Spatial Analyst)

Available with Spatial Analyst license.

Available with 3D Analyst license.

Summary

Interpolates a raster surface from points using a two-dimensional minimum curvature spline technique.

The resulting smooth surface passes exactly through the input points.

Learn more about how Spline works

Usage

• The greater the value of Number of Points, the smoother the surface of the output raster.

• The Output cell size can be defined by a numeric value or obtained from an existing raster dataset. If the cell size hasn’t been explicitly specified as the parameter value, it is derived from the Cell Size environment if it has been specified. If the parameter cell size or the environment cell size have not been specified, but the Snap Raster environment has been set, the cell size of the snap raster is used. If nothing is specified, the cell size is calculated from the shorter of the width or height of the extent divided by 250, in which the extent is in the Output Coordinate System specified in the environment.

• If the cell size is specified using a numeric value, the tool will use it directly for the output raster.

  If the cell size is specified using a raster dataset, the parameter will show the path of the raster dataset instead of the cell size value. The cell size of that raster dataset will be used directly in the analysis, provided the spatial reference of the dataset is the same as the output spatial reference. If the spatial reference of the dataset is different than the output spatial reference, it will be projected based on the selected Cell Size Projection Method.

• The Regularized option of Spline type usually produces smoother surfaces than those created with the Tension option.

  • With the Regularized option, higher values used for the weight parameter produce smoother surfaces. The values entered for this parameter must be equal to or greater than zero. Typical values used are 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5. The Weight is the square of the parameter referred to in the literature as tau (t).

  • With the Tension option, higher values entered for the weight parameter result in somewhat coarser surfaces, but surfaces that closely conform to the control points. The values entered must be equal to or greater than zero. Typical values are 0, 1, 5, and 10. The Weight is the square of the parameter referred to in the literature as phi (Φ).

• Some input datasets may have several points with the same x,y coordinates. If the values of the points at the common location are the same, they are considered duplicates and have no effect on the output. If the values are different, they are considered coincident points.

  The various interpolation tools may handle this data condition differently. For example, in some cases, the first coincident point encountered is used for the calculation; in other cases, the last point encountered is used. This may cause some locations in the output raster to have different values than what you might expect. The solution is to prepare your data by removing these coincident points. The Collect Events tool in the Spatial Statistics toolbox is useful for identifying any coincident points in your data.

• For data formats that support Null values, such as file geodatabase feature classes, a Null value will be ignored when used as input.

• See Analysis environments and Spatial Analyst for additional details on the geoprocessing environments that apply to this tool.

Parameters

Dialog

Label	Explanation	Data Type
Input point features	The input point features containing the z-values to be interpolated into a surface raster.	Feature Layer
Z value field	The field that holds a height or magnitude value for each point. This can be a numeric field or the Shape field if the input point features contain z-values.	Field
Output cell size (Optional)	The cell size of the output raster that will be created. This parameter can be defined by a numeric value or obtained from an existing raster dataset. If the cell size hasn't been explicitly specified as the parameter value, the environment cell size value will be used if specified; otherwise, additional rules will be used to calculate it from the other inputs. See the usage section for more detail.	Analysis Cell Size
Spline type (Optional)	The type of spline to be used. Regularized — Yields a smooth surface and smooth first derivatives. Tension — Tunes the stiffness of the interpolant according to the character of the modeled phenomenon.	String
Weight (Optional)	Parameter influencing the character of the surface interpolation. When the Regularized option is used, it defines the weight of the third derivatives of the surface in the curvature minimization expression. If the Tension option is used, it defines the weight of tension. The default weight is 0.1.	Double
Number of points (Optional)	The number of points per region used for local approximation. The default is 12.	Long

Return Value

Label	Explanation	Data Type
Output raster	The output interpolated surface raster. It is always a floating-point raster.	Raster

Python

Spline(in_point_features, z_field, {cell_size}, {spline_type}, {weight}, {number_points})

Name	Explanation	Data Type
in_point_features	The input point features containing the z-values to be interpolated into a surface raster.	Feature Layer
z_field	The field that holds a height or magnitude value for each point. This can be a numeric field or the Shape field if the input point features contain z-values.	Field
cell_size (Optional)	The cell size of the output raster that will be created. This parameter can be defined by a numeric value or obtained from an existing raster dataset. If the cell size hasn't been explicitly specified as the parameter value, the environment cell size value will be used if specified; otherwise, additional rules will be used to calculate it from the other inputs. See the usage section for more detail.	Analysis Cell Size
spline_type (Optional)	The type of spline to be used. REGULARIZED —Yields a smooth surface and smooth first derivatives. TENSION —Tunes the stiffness of the interpolant according to the character of the modeled phenomenon.	String
weight (Optional)	Parameter influencing the character of the surface interpolation. When the REGULARIZED option is used, it defines the weight of the third derivatives of the surface in the curvature minimization expression. If the TENSION option is used, it defines the weight of tension. The default weight is 0.1.	Double
number_points (Optional)	The number of points per region used for local approximation. The default is 12.	Long

Return Value

Name	Explanation	Data Type
out_raster	The output interpolated surface raster. It is always a floating-point raster.	Raster

Code sample

Spline example 1 (Python window)

This example inputs a point shapefile and interpolates the output surface as a TIFF raster.

import arcpy
from arcpy import env  
from arcpy.sa import *
env.workspace = "C:/sapyexamples/data"
outSpline = Spline("ozone_pts.shp", "ozone", 2000, "REGULARIZED", 0.1)
outSpline.save("C:/sapyexamples/output/splineout.tif")

Spline example 2 (stand-alone script)

This example inputs a point shapefile and interpolates the output surface as a Grid raster.

# Name: Spline_Ex_02.py
# Description: Interpolate a series of point features onto a 
#    rectangular raster using a minimum curvature spline technique.
# Requirements: Spatial Analyst Extension

# Import system modules
import arcpy
from arcpy import env
from arcpy.sa import *

# Set environment settings
env.workspace = "C:/sapyexamples/data"

# Set local variables
inPntFeat = "ozone_pts.shp"
zField = "ozone"
cellSize = 2000.0
splineType = "REGULARIZED"
weight = 0.1

# Execute Spline
outSpline = Spline(inPntFeat, zField, cellSize, splineType, weight)

# Save the output 
outSpline.save("C:/sapyexamples/output/splineout02")

Environments

Auto Commit, Cell Size, Cell Size Projection Method, Current Workspace, Extent, Geographic Transformations, Mask, Output CONFIG Keyword, Output Coordinate System, Scratch Workspace, Snap Raster, Tile Size

Licensing information

• Basic: Requires Spatial Analyst or 3D Analyst
• Standard: Requires Spatial Analyst or 3D Analyst
• Advanced: Requires Spatial Analyst or 3D Analyst