In ArcGIS Pro, topology refers to a specific set of tools and methods for defining spatial relationships between point, line, and polygon features, and maintaining those relationships as features are created or modified.
There are two basic types of topological methods from which to choose: topological editing and geodatabase topology. You can use one or both to help you manage and maintain the accuracy of your feature data with respect to coincidence, adjacency, containment, and connectivity.
Map Topology
Map Topology is a topological editing mode that creates a temporary set of topological relationships for contiguous and overlapping feature geometry on visible and editable layers. When it is turned on, you can simultaneously edit shared geometry and preserve contiguity for multiple features.
To learn more about topological editing, see Map topology.
Geodatabase topology
Geodatabase topology defines a set of spatial relationships for a given dataset for the purposes of data validation. The workflow consists of assigning features, defining topology rules, validating the features, and finally, fixing errors or marking exceptions using specific tools.
To learn more, see Geodatabase topology.
Dive-in:
If your work includes maintaining the correctness of features based on their position relative to other features, geodatabase topology can help you manage your geographic data.
To learn more, see What is topology.